By age 23, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland had been attacked by white supremacists, disowned by her family, and imprisoned for supporting civil rights as a white woman in the American South.
Joan Trumpauer Mulholland did n’t face like a civic rights activist .
Young , white , and from the South , she was even go down from hard worker - owners . But Mulholland was keenly cognizant of the systemic racism that surround her — and as a teenager , resolved to do something about it .
Wikimedia CommonsJoan Trumpauer after her arrest in 1961 for joining the Freedom Riders .
Wikimedia CommonsJoan Trumpauer after her arrest in 1961 for joining the Freedom Riders.
Throughout the 1960s , Mulholland tantalize with the Freedom Riders , exact a rump at sit - ins , and even enrolled in an all - shameful college as its first white scholarly person . Furious crew dubbed Mulholland a “ race traitor , ” threw food and glass at her , and she was once almost killed by the KKK .
But Mulholland did n’t have any of that stop her . To this day , she ’s still fight for adequate rights .
How Joan Trumpauer Mulholland Became A Civil Rights Activist
Joan Trumpauer was born on September 4 , 1941 , and spent her childhood in the unintegrated city of Arlington , Virginia . Her female parent , the descendent of slave - owners , was also a segregationist . Her Church Father , like her mother , work a governance problem .
“ I lived in an all - blanched world , ” Mulhollandlater think .
But when Mulholland was 10 , she had an experience that line her away from her parent ’ beliefs . While call in her granny down in Georgia , Mulholland and a admirer “ dared ” each other to take the air over to the side of town where mordant resident physician lived .
Bettmann/Getty ImagesTwo men drink from separate water fountains during the Jim Crow era.
There , they found an entirely unlike world than the one they roll in the hay . “ I could see with my own eyes the difference between the dark school and the white school , ” Mulholland said . “ That really struck me . ”
Bettmann / Getty ImagesTwo men drink from disjoined weewee fountains during the Jim Crow era .
That experience changed Mulholland ’s mind . Though she yielded to her female parent ’s press to assist Duke University in Durham , North Carolina , she began to spring up herself as a civic right militant .
National Museum of American HistoryJoan Trumpauer in between John Salter and Anne Moody at the segregated counter at Woolworths.
While at schoolhouse , Mulholland jump the sororities andinstead take part in the Durham sit - ins , joining Black activists at “ white - only ” lunch counters . As a termination , she was stop — and the shoal was so appal by her behavior that it impel her to undergo a psychological evaluation .
But Joan Trumpauer Mulholland was n’t daunted . She was just getting started .
Becoming A Freedom Rider
Soon after the Durham sit - ins , Joan Trumpauer Mulholland dropped out of Duke . The schooltime ’s Dean of Women made it an easy decision when she asked Mulholland to stop her activism .
alternatively , Mulholland doubled down . She joined up with the Nonviolent Action Group ( NAG ) in Washington D.C. and began to make for with civil rights activists like philosopher Stokely Carmichael to planthe Freedom Rides .
Throughout 1961 , the Freedom Rides aimed to test federal laws banish segregation on public transportation . But it was severe work . That became now clear when tempestuous segregator bombed a bus convey Freedom Riders in Anniston , Alabama , on May 14 , 1961 .
Mulholland and others flew in to lend their support — and were promptly arrested for“breaching the public security . ”
law brought the activist to the gamey - security Parchman State Prison , where they were observe on death row . Mulholland and other charwoman had to undergo vaginal exam by a female guard whom Mulholland remembered dipping her hired man in Lysol . “ That was really intimidating,”she said . “ They showed they could do anything they wanted to us and in all probability would . ”
unshaken , as soon as Mulholland go forth prison , she leap right back into the fray .
Her Infamous Sit-In At Woolworths And Activism Today
National Museum of American HistoryJoan Trumpauer in between John Salter and Anne Moody at the unintegrated counter at Woolworths .
Then in May 1963 , Mulholland participate in the infamously tearing Woolworths sit down - in . Mulholland and fellow activists Anne Moody , a Black woman , and John Salter Jr. , who had aboriginal American root , took a seat at Woolworths segregate lunch counter in Jackson , Mississippi . The palisade crowd oppose with rage .
For three hour , they attacked and berated Moody , Mulholland , and Salter .
“ I was attacked with fists , brass knuckle joint , and the disordered portions of looking glass saccharide containers , and was burned with cigarettes , ” Salter recalled . Mulholland commemorate that the crew address her a “ subspecies traitor . ” But the three activist held their primer until they were physically hit .
And , still , Mulholland fought on . She fought on even after one terrific night in 1964 when members of the Ku Klux Klan surrounded her and other militant on the road and beat their driver . Though she narrowly escape , she later take the KKK had specify to bolt down her that nighttime — and when they fail , they killed three other activists , instead .
Today , at the old age of 80 , Joan Trumpauer Mulholland is still fighting , though in a much less physical way these day .
“ I ’m not marching anymore , ” she say . “ My knees have been operated on too much . But I can make signs . I can tender to put people up in my theater . ”
After take about the singular polite rights activist Joan Trumpauer Mulholland , look through thesecivil right dissent photos . Then , learn about four morefemale civil right wing leaders .
